HPV TYPING AS THE METHOD OF CHOICE IN THE PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER

Authors : Vesna Paunović, Željko Vlaisavljević, Jelena Ilić Živojinović, Silvija Piškorjanac, Miroslav Knežević

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• Manuscript keywords: cervical cancer,, human papillomavirus,patient,screening

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the primary cause of cervical cancer (CC), and significant coexisting factors have also been identified. CC is considered a curable disease because it has a long preinvasive period. It is possible to organize effective screening, and the treatment of preinvasive lesions is successful. Aim: To show the importance of HPV typing in the early detection of premalignant cervical disease.

Method: Literature review, synthesis, and extraction of key professional and contemporary literature.

Results: Depending on the methods used in identification, the presence of different types of HPV was identified in about 90% of intraepithelial neoplasia and CC samples. HPV genotyping plays an important role in the detection of dysplasia and helps to reduce the number of falsepositive Pap test results. Randomized controlled trials have shown that CC screening with HPV testing offers greater protection against cervical precancer and cancer compared with cytologybased screening. To date, it has been proven that HPV 16 and 18 genotypes have the highest oncogenic potential. These two genotypes are responsible for about 70% of all squamous cell carcinomas, 30–40% of vulvar cancers, and about 85% of cervical adenocarcinomas. According to a recent report, 48 (35%) of 139 countries recommended HPV-based cervical screening, with most currently switching from cytology to HPV testing.

Conclusion: HPV typing can be of great benefit in the early detection of malignant transformation of infected cells and the prevention of CC.